Aperture refers to the size of the opening that lets light through in a camera. Together with Shutter Speed and ISO, it makes up one of the three key components of Exposure. Aperture controls "Depth of Field" and can make pictures appear professional by balancing the in-focus and out-of-focus elements in a photograph. This blur/non-blur characteristic is referred to as Bokeh and is achieved by adjusting the f-stops on the camera. ** Beware: smaller f-stop number means larger aperture, and larger f-stop numbers means smaller aperture. Larger aperture gives you smaller depth of field and a more pronounced effect.

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There are many good sources on Aperture available on-line. Have fun exploring and experimenting! 

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Introduction to Aperture!

The A to Z of Photography: Aperture